Types of Cancer

Breast cancer primarily affects women, but it can also occur in men. It begins when cells in the breast's milk-producing lobes, lobules, or ducts grow out of control. Early detection through screenings like mammography is key.

What to Look For: Changes in breast size or shape, a lump, skin dimpling, nipple changes, or discharge.
Our Approach: We begin with a thorough diagnosis, using biopsies and additional tests to determine the cancer’s specific characteristics, such as its HER2 and hormone receptor status. We then work with you to create a personalized treatment plan that may include surgery, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy, based on these findings.

Lung cancer can affect one or both lungs, often starting in the bronchial tubes that carry air in and out. There are various types, with small cell and non-small cell lung cancers being the most common. Determining if the cancer has spread is crucial for tailoring your treatment plan.

What to Look For: Persistent cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, unexplained weight loss.
Our Approach: We offer thorough examinations and utilize advanced diagnostics to accurately determine the type and spread of your cancer. Our goal is to create a tailored treatment plan that gives you the best possible outcome.

Your kidneys are vital for filtering waste. Renal cancer can manifest as simple cysts, complex cysts, or solid kidney tumors, with solid tumors being most likely cancerous. These often show no symptoms and are typically found during an ultrasound or CT scan.

What to Look For: Often no symptoms in early stages; sometimes blood in urine, back pain, or a lump in the side.
Our Approach: We utilize advanced imaging, such as CT scans and ultrasounds, to detect and accurately diagnose renal cancer. From there, we will work with you to create a personalized treatment plan.

Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, a network of tissues and organs that helps the body fight infection. It starts when lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) grow and multiply abnormally, forming tumors in lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, or other parts of the body. Our team provides personalized care using the latest treatments and technology to fight this complex disease.

What to Look For: Swollen lymph nodes (often in the neck, armpit, or groin), fatigue, fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss.
Our Approach: We use advanced diagnostic testing, including molecular and genetic analysis, to pinpoint the specific type of lymphoma.

Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow, where abnormal plasma cells multiply and crowd out healthy blood cells. Our team provides personalized care using the latest treatments and technology to fight this complex disease.

What to Look For: Bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, and unexplained fractures.
Our Approach: We use advanced diagnostic testing to accurately stage the disease. Our specialists then create a personalized plan

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that develops from pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. It often appears as a new or changing mole. Risk factors include UV exposure, fair skin, and family history. If detected early, melanoma is highly treatable. The depth of the tumor helps determine the risk of spread and guides treatment, which may include surgery, immunotherapy, or targeted drugs.

What to Look For: New or changing moles, especially those that are asymmetrical, have irregular borders, uneven color, or are larger than a pencil eraser. The ABCDE criteria (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolution) are well-established for spotting suspicious moles.
Our Approach: We provide expert diagnosis and management of melanoma, with a focus on early detection and developing a targeted treatment plan based on the tumor's thickness and spread.

This cancer affects the lymphatic system and includes many subtypes that vary in aggressiveness. It lacks the Reed-Sternberg cells seen in Hodgkin lymphoma. Common symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves a biopsy and imaging. Treatment depends on the subtype and stage and may include chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.

Hodgkin lymphoma often starts in a single group of lymph nodes and may spread through the lymphatic system. It is marked by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells under the microscope. Early symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and fever. Prognosis is generally favorable, especially when diagnosed early. Staging involves blood tests and imaging like PET or CT scans.

Esophageal cancer can affect the upper or lower parts of the esophagus, often near the junction with the stomach. It is commonly caused by long-term acid reflux, smoking, or heavy alcohol use. Symptoms include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and weight loss. It is often diagnosed late and requires aggressive treatment, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

Gastric (stomach) cancer usually begins in the cells lining the stomach. Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, and diet are common risk factors. Symptoms may include indigestion, stomach pain, nausea, and weight loss. Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.

These cancers develop in the mouth, throat, voice box, or other nearby tissues. They are often linked to tobacco use, alcohol, and HPV infection. Symptoms may include a persistent sore throat, hoarseness, or a lump in the neck. These cancers often spread to lymph nodes. Early detection and a combination of surgery and chemotherapy improve outcomes.

Liver cancer can be primary (originating in the liver) or secondary (spread from elsewhere). The most common primary type is hepatocellular carcinoma. Risk factors include chronic hepatitis B or C and alcohol-related liver disease. Symptoms may include jaundice, abdominal pain, and swelling. Diagnosis often involves imaging and blood tests, with treatment options including surgery, ablation, or systemic therapies.

Cervical cancer begins in the cervix, often in the transformation zone where two types of cells meet. It is most commonly caused by HPV infection. Screening through Pap smears and HPV tests can detect precancerous changes early. Symptoms may include irregular bleeding or pelvic pain. Early-stage disease is often curable with surgery.

Brain tumors can be primary or result from metastasis. They may cause symptoms like headaches, seizures, personality changes, or weakness, depending on their location. Diagnosis typically involves MRI or CT scans. Treatment may include surgery or chemotherapy, depending on the tumor type and its location.

Mesothelioma is a rare cancer affecting the lining of the lungs or abdomen. It is most often linked to asbestos exposure. Pleural mesothelioma (in the lungs) is the most common form. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, or abdominal swelling. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

MDS is a disorder in which the bone marrow produces poorly functioning blood cells. This leads to anemia, infections, or bleeding. It can progress to acute leukemia. Diagnosis involves blood counts and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment may include supportive care, growth factors, or chemotherapy.

MPNs are a group of diseases where the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. The main types are polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Symptoms vary but may include fatigue, blood clots, or bleeding. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing complications.

Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it spreads beyond the ovaries. It usually begins in the outer layer of the ovary. Epithelial ovarian cancers are the most common and include serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell types. Symptoms may include bloating, pelvic pain, and changes in urination. Treatment usually involves surgery and chemotherapy.

This aggressive cancer usually starts in the ducts of the pancreas. It is often diagnosed late due to vague symptoms like abdominal pain, weight loss, or jaundice. Over 90% of cases are adenocarcinomas. Treatment often involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, managed by a team of specialists.

Rectal cancer affects the final section of the large intestine. Like colon cancer, it is most often an adenocarcinoma. Symptoms may include rectal bleeding or a change in bowel habits. Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, often coordinated among several specialists.

Bone cancer can be primary or more commonly secondary, spreading from other cancers. Primary types include osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Symptoms often include bone pain or fractures. Diagnosis involves imaging and biopsy. Treatment typically includes surgery or chemotherapy.

Sarcomas are rare tumors that can arise from connective tissues like bone, muscle, or fat. They are more common in children than adults. Symptoms depend on the tumor's location. Treatment is often complex and may include surgery and chemotherapy.

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the U.S. The main types are melanoma (more aggressive) and non-melanoma forms like basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Most cases are related to UV exposure. Treatment often involves surgical removal, with other therapies used for advanced cases.

Testicular cancer is most common in men aged 15–35. It often presents as a painless lump or swelling in the testicle. It is highly treatable, especially when caught early. Surgery to remove the testicle (orchiectomy) is the main treatment, often followed by chemotherapy or radiation.

This cancer occurs in the thyroid gland at the base of the neck. Most thyroid nodules are benign, but suspicious ones should be evaluated with imaging and possibly a biopsy. Thyroid cancer often grows slowly and is highly treatable. Treatment may include surgery and radioactive iodine.

Uterine cancer most commonly affects the lining of the uterus (endometrial cancer). It often causes abnormal bleeding, especially after menopause. Most cases are diagnosed early and respond well to treatment. Surgery is usually the first step, followed by hormone therapy if needed.